The measuring range of ultrasonic sensors varies according to sensor principle, model and environmental factors; typically between a few centimeters and several meters. Key for the measuring range are frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic waves as well as transmitter performance and receiver sensitivity.
Distance measurement
The distance is measured by detecting and calculating the time elapsed between ultrasonic wave emission and reception. Distance calculation uses the following formula:
Distance L = (T x C)/2
In this formula, L stands for distance, T for the time between sound wave emission and reception while C is the sound speed. To obtain the distance to the object, the calculated value must be divided by 2, as T is the total time the sound waves require for one travel to and fro.
Using several ultrasonic sensors in parallel and how to avoid mutual interference
For optimal results in parallel operation of several ultrasonic sensors please consider the following to avoid sensing errors by mutual interference:
Spatial arrangement: Position the sensors at sufficient distance from each other and at different angles; if required, use separating walls or sound-absorbing material between the sensors to minimize direct interference.
Electronic system and software: Apply advanced algorithms for signal processing and assign each sensor an unambiguous identification code to filter out interference and to ensure the system will respond to the data of the intended sensor.
Synchronization and clock: Implement time-slots or synchronized triggering to make each sensor transmit and receive data within a specified time interval to prevent overlapping signals.